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1/ Livestock production systems in Sudan:

There are three systems of animal production:

a)    The traditional system which involve nomadic, semi-nomadic and transhumance which are all based on range.

b)    Intensive system, which is based on irrigated fodder and industrial by-products and located near the big towns mainly for milk and poultry production.

c)     Feed lots located around livestock markets; the animals are drawn from the traditional production system and subjected to concentrate feeding to support export and local consumption after fattening and reconditioning.

2/ Institutional policies:

·       Adoption of policies towards development of the three production systems in Sudan.

• Adoption of bank financing for the development of the sector semi-intensive and intensive to reduce the costs of production to serve domestic consumption and export.
• Adoption of micro financing policies to develop the traditional sector to promote production.

3/ Internal marketing policies:

• Establishment of livestock export entities to run the specialized activities of livestock and meat marketing.
• Expediting the issuance of the livestock markets regulating laws

4/ External marketing policies:

• Focus on the export of meat instead of live animals export.
• Organizing banking finance packages during peak season to finance exporters
• Organization of exporters to prevent conflicts.
• Enhance and encourage cheap transport means such as rail and river transport.
• The Missions dedicated to promote outside of the livestock to study foreign markets and develop a plan for the promotion and expansion.

5/ Institutional reform policies:

• Adoption of targeted production polices and exploiting technologies for the production of export commodities of animal to achieve competitiveness in foreign markets.
• Cancellation of fees and reducing of taxes on exports of animal.
• Abolition of duties on imports of animal and fish production inputs.
• Abolition of VAT on animal feed, fish, and their inputs.
• Consideration of the livestock export sector margin taxes to not exceed 10%.
• Duties and customs exemption of refrigerated and live animal transport vehicles.
• Encouraging economic partnerships in the field of construction of structures and the production of export goods. 

6/ Information policies and information:

·       Conduct livestock census.

·       Develop livestock statistics and database for development livestock and fisheries sector production, marketing, export and food security.

 7/ Land Use policy:

• Accelerate the implementation of land use map of the country, especially natural pastures and nomadic routes.
• Allocation of industrial areas to accommodate all the industries related to animal production (city of the leather industry).
• Enforcement of animal integration into irrigated schemes and rain-fed mechanized farms for the development of animal feed systems and production.

8/ Fees, taxes and Zakat policies,:

• Immediate removal of all levies and fees imposed by states, localities and associations on livestock exports goods and inputs.
• Obligations not to impose taxes on the livestock and fish sectors with a commitment not to impose fees except against services.
• Collection of production Zakat and distribution to the villages Zakat Centres to alleviate poverty and the introduction of the poorer segments in the circle of production.
• Collection of Livestock Zakat in production sites and not to repeat the collection of Zakat on animals in transit to the states.
• Tax exemption on the inputs of animal production and fisheries and granting of additional incentives to encourage private investment and financing.

9/ Insurance policies:

• Expand of production insurance coverage in livestock and fish sector and support the risk reduction and insurance against epizootics   and animal diseases.
• Allocate a percentage of Risk Reduction Fund to meet insurance installments for small producers.

 10/ Investment policies:

• Develop encouraging investment policies to attract investors in the livestock and fisheries sector.
• Encourage investment in logistics support, such as refrigeration, storage, transport and packaging of livestock and fish products.
• Encourage strategic partnerships in the field of production and export services.
• 11/ Marketing and promotion policies:

• Activate the National Agency for Exports to do its role in financing of livestock exports and increasing its capital and to consider the possibility of conversion to a public company.
• Establishment of infrastructure for marketing support such as roads, transport services, storage capacities and electricity and water services.
• Establishment of commercial attaché offices for livestock and fishery promotion and marketing, especially in the Gulf States.

12/ Funding policies:

• Work to increase the size of bank financing for the livestock sector to be classified on three levels as follows:
  • Short-term financing to cover exports, domestic trade and working capital for manufacturing.
  • Medium term finance to cover the poultry industry, aquaculture and veterinary services delivery by the private sector.
  • Long-term financing to cover development financing for dairy industry, meat industry, the establishment of slaughterhouses, feed industry and concentrates, and the means of transport , cooling and storage. 

• Identify funding mechanisms through the funding packages to finance livestock and fish production.
• Adopt the Bank of Sudan policy to allocate 12% for microfinance and the use of non-traditional guarantees to enable beneficiaries in the production areas of access to finance.
• Reduce the cost of funding for the livestock and fishery sector by 5%.
• Linking livestock and fisheries funding with animal resources and fisheries policies and determine the financing needs for the projects.
• Develop new funding formulas consistent with the activity of livestock and fish production.
• Provide funding for the infrastructure construction of the livestock and fisheries sector such as roads, wells, slaughterhouses, electricity and veterinary services.
• Financing the manufacturing of animal products and inputs.

13/ Export policies:

• Rehabilitation and expansion of the structures of the quarantines, slaughterhouses, and inspection points and the disease free zones.
• Support the programs for  import substitution in the field of animal products.
• Support programs to substitute imports in the field of vaccines, serums and diagnostic materials.
• Addressing the negative impact of exchange rate of the pound against the dollar and the currencies on export sector.
• Expansion in the mass transportation, cooling and storage.
• Rehabilitation of structures and the establishment of rail line connecting Port Sudan to Sawakin.
• Open markets for vaccines, diagnostic and semen export.

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14/ Sector Development Policy (production and productivity):

Strengthen efforts to combat epizootic and zoonotic diseases and supportive services and the privatization of veterinary services in coordination with the states, ministries and relevant bodies and the Government of Southern Sudan and the regional and international organizations.

• Establishment of a central body for marketing of livestock, meat and animal products and fish.
• The involvement of traditional pastoral communities and fishermen in the development of production policies.
• Transfer and application of technology to improve the productive qualities of the national herd to upgrade competitive advantages through breed selection.
• Upgrading ways of milk harvesting in the dairy and the traditional pastoral systems
• Dissemination of technology and the development of aquaculture and white meat industry.
• Development of infrastructure for the fishing and aquaculture and organization of the fishing process and means of transport n order to raise production efficiency and reduce production costs, especially in the national lakes and river basin.
• Assurance of public health and food hygiene standards and commitment to international health.
• Improve the national animal breeds to increase production and productivity and record their intellectual property.
• Promoting the use of Sudan's accession to the regional economic blocs, which achieve trade liberalization on the level of the COMESA, the Arab Free Trade, and World Trade Organization.
• Enforcement of current legislations and laws and adoption of the proposed laws.
• Increase the producer’s capacities, technology transfer and promotion of competitiveness.
• Privatization of veterinary services (fixed and mobile veterinary units, Vaccination, laboratories, diseases diagnosis, prevention and treatment).
• The development of feed industry.

 15/ Food security policies

• Attention to training and human capacity building in the field of livestock and fish.
• Adoption of policies to direct the traditional production system from production for self-sufficiency to the production for marketing and entering the market mechanism through provision of basic services and income increase.
• Preparation of studies supportive of food security and rural development.
  
  

16/ Human resources development policies

• Accommodate qualified veterinary researchers and technicians.
• External training of cadres in the field of research technologies.
• Create partnerships with universities and scientific organizations and national institutions at regional and global levels.